Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids. source
Magma (from Ancient Greek μάγμα (mágma) meaning "thick unguent") is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatiles and solids.
Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth. source
Magma is found beneath the surface of the Earth.
Magma is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites. source
Magma is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.
Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles. source
Besides molten rock, magma may also contain suspended crystals, dissolved gas and sometimes gas bubbles.
Magma often collects in magma chambers that may feed a volcano or solidify underground to form an intrusion. source
Magma often collects in magma chambers that may feed a volcano or solidify underground to form an intrusion.
Magma is capable of intruding into adjacent rocks (forming igneous dikes and sills), extrusion onto the surface as lava, source
Magma is capable of intruding into adjacent rocks (forming igneous dikes and sills), extrusion onto the surface as lava,
Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance. source
Magma is a complex high-temperature fluid substance.
Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700 °C to 1300 °C (or 1300 °F to 2400 °F), source
Temperatures of most magmas are in the range 700 °C to 1300 °C (or 1300 °F to 2400 °F),
Very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 600 °C, and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1600 °C. source
Very rare carbonatite magmas may be as cool as 600 °C, and komatiite magmas may have been as hot as 1600 °C.
Most magmas are silicate mixtures. source
Most magmas are silicate mixtures.
Environments of magma formation and compositions are commonly correlated. source
Environments of magma formation and compositions are commonly correlated.
Magma compositions may evolve after formation by fractional crystallization, contamination, and magma mixing. source
Magma compositions may evolve after formation by fractional crystallization, contamination, and magma mixing.
By definition rock formed of solidified magma is called igneous rock. source
By definition rock formed of solidified magma is called igneous rock.
Melting of solid rocks to form magma is controlled by three physical parameters: temperature, pressure, and composition. source
Melting of solid rocks to form magma is controlled by three physical parameters: temperature, pressure, and composition.
The degree of partial melting is critical for determining what type of magma is produced. source
The degree of partial melting is critical for determining what type of magma is produced.
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project, while drilling several 5,000m holes in an attempt to harness the heat in the volcanic bedrock below the surface of Iceland. source
The Iceland Deep Drilling Project, while drilling several 5,000m holes in an attempt to harness the heat in the volcanic bedrock below the surface of Iceland.
Magma develops within the mantle or crust when the temperature-pressure conditions favor the molten state. source
Magma develops within the mantle or crust when the temperature-pressure conditions favor the molten state.
