Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock, source
Igneous rock (derived from the Latin word ignis meaning fire), or magmatic rock,
Igneous rock is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic. source
Igneous rock is one of the three main rock types, the others being sedimentary and metamorphic.
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava. source
Igneous rock is formed through the cooling and solidification of magma or lava.
Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses. source
Igneous rock may form with crystallization to form granular, crystalline rocks, or without crystallization to form natural glasses.
Igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 90–95% of the top 16 km of the Earth's crust by volume. source
Igneous and metamorphic rocks make up 90–95% of the top 16 km of the Earth's crust by volume.
Igneous rocks form about 15% of the Earth's current land surface. source
Igneous rocks form about 15% of the Earth's current land surface.
Most of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of igneous rock. source
Most of the Earth's oceanic crust is made of igneous rock.
Extrusive igneous rocks cool and solidify quicker than intrusive igneous rocks. source
Extrusive igneous rocks cool and solidify quicker than intrusive igneous rocks.
Igneous rocks are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, mineralogy, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body. source
Igneous rocks are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, mineralogy, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body.
In terms of modes of occurrence, igneous rocks can be either intrusive (plutonic and hypabyssal) or extrusive (volcanic). source
In terms of modes of occurrence, igneous rocks can be either intrusive (plutonic and hypabyssal) or extrusive (volcanic).
Felsic igneous rocks containing a high silica content, greater than 63% SiO2 (examples granite and rhyolite) source
Felsic igneous rocks containing a high silica content, greater than 63% SiO2 (examples granite and rhyolite)
An igneous rock with larger, clearly discernible crystals embedded in a finer-grained matrix is termed porphyry. source
An igneous rock with larger, clearly discernible crystals embedded in a finer-grained matrix is termed porphyry.
Intermediate igneous rocks containing between 52 – 63% SiO2 (example andesite and dacite) source
Intermediate igneous rocks containing between 52 – 63% SiO2 (example andesite and dacite)
Mafic igneous rocks have low silica 45 – 52% and typically high iron – magnesium content (example gabbro and basalt). source
Mafic igneous rocks have low silica 45 – 52% and typically high iron – magnesium content (example gabbro and basalt).
Ultramafic rock igneous rocks with less than 45% silica. (examples picrite, komatiite and peridotite). source
Ultramafic rock igneous rocks with less than 45% silica. (examples picrite, komatiite and peridotite).