Male circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the human penis. source
Male circumcision is the removal of the foreskin from the human penis.
Evidence supports that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV infection among heterosexual men in sub-Saharan Africa. source
Evidence supports that male circumcision reduces the risk of HIV infection among heterosexual men in sub-Saharan Africa.
An estimated one-third of males worldwide are circumcised. source
An estimated one-third of males worldwide are circumcised.
The word circumcision is from Latin circumcidere, meaning "to cut around". source
The word circumcision is from Latin circumcidere, meaning "to cut around".
Neonatal circumcision is usually elected by the parents for non-medical reasons, such as religious beliefs or personal preferences, possibly driven by societal norms. source
Neonatal circumcision is usually elected by the parents for non-medical reasons, such as religious beliefs or personal preferences, possibly driven by societal norms.
Circumcision may be used to treat pathological phimosis, refractory balanoposthitis and chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs). source
Circumcision may be used to treat pathological phimosis, refractory balanoposthitis and chronic or recurrent urinary tract infections (UTIs).
The World Health Organization promotes circumcision to prevent female-to-male HIV transmission in countries with high rates of HIV. source
The World Health Organization promotes circumcision to prevent female-to-male HIV transmission in countries with high rates of HIV.
Circumcision is contraindicated in infants with certain genital structure abnormalities. source
Circumcision is contraindicated in infants with certain genital structure abnormalities.
Circumcision is contraindicated in premature infants and those who are not clinically stable and in good health. source
Circumcision is contraindicated in premature infants and those who are not clinically stable and in good health.
If an individual, child or adult, is known to have or has a family history of serious bleeding disorders (hemophilia). source
If an individual, child or adult, is known to have or has a family history of serious bleeding disorders (hemophilia).
Circumcision is recommended that the blood be checked for normal coagulation properties before the procedure is attempted. source
Circumcision is recommended that the blood be checked for normal coagulation properties before the procedure is attempted.
The circumcision procedure causes pain, and for neonates this pain may interfere with mother-infant interaction or cause other behavioral changes. source
The circumcision procedure causes pain, and for neonates this pain may interfere with mother-infant interaction or cause other behavioral changes.
There is strong evidence that circumcision reduces the risk of men acquiring HIV infection in areas of the world with high rates of HIV. source
There is strong evidence that circumcision reduces the risk of men acquiring HIV infection in areas of the world with high rates of HIV.
There are plausible explanations based on human biology for how circumcision can decrease the likelihood of female-to-male HIV transmission. source
There are plausible explanations based on human biology for how circumcision can decrease the likelihood of female-to-male HIV transmission.
Studies evaluating the effect of circumcision on the incidence of other sexually transmitted infections have reached conflicting conclusions. source
Studies evaluating the effect of circumcision on the incidence of other sexually transmitted infections have reached conflicting conclusions.
Circumcision has a protective effect against the risks of penile cancer in men, and cervical cancer in the female sexual partners of heterosexual men. source
Circumcision has a protective effect against the risks of penile cancer in men, and cervical cancer in the female sexual partners of heterosexual men.
A 2006 meta-analysis found that circumcision was associated with lower rates of syphilis, chancroid and possibly genital herpes. source
A 2006 meta-analysis found that circumcision was associated with lower rates of syphilis, chancroid and possibly genital herpes.
The circumcision procedure may carry the risks of heightened pain response for newborns and dissatisfaction with the result. source
The circumcision procedure may carry the risks of heightened pain response for newborns and dissatisfaction with the result.
