Galileo Galilei was an Italian polymath: astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician. source
Galileo Galilei was an Italian polymath: astronomer, physicist, engineer, philosopher, and mathematician.
Galileo Galilei played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century. source
Galileo Galilei played a major role in the scientific revolution of the seventeenth century.
Galileo Galilei's contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the observation and analysis of sunspots. source
Galileo Galilei's contributions to observational astronomy include the telescopic confirmation of the phases of Venus, the discovery of the four largest satellites of Jupiter, and the observation and analysis of sunspots.
Galileo Galilei also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other instruments. source
Galileo Galilei also worked in applied science and technology, inventing an improved military compass and other instruments.
Galileo Galilei's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was controversial during his lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system. source
Galileo Galilei's championing of heliocentrism and Copernicanism was controversial during his lifetime, when most subscribed to either geocentrism or the Tychonic system.
Galileo Galilei was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", and forced to recant. He spent the rest of his life under house arrest. source
Galileo Galilei was tried by the Inquisition, found "vehemently suspect of heresy", and forced to recant. He spent the rest of his life under house arrest.
While under house arrest, Galileo Galilei wrote one of his best-known works, Two New Sciences, in which he summarized work he had done some forty years earlier on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials. source
While under house arrest, Galileo Galilei wrote one of his best-known works, Two New Sciences, in which he summarized work he had done some forty years earlier on the two sciences now called kinematics and strength of materials.
Galileo Galilei has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of scientific method", and the "father of science". source
Galileo Galilei has been called the "father of observational astronomy", the "father of modern physics", the "father of scientific method", and the "father of science".
Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy, on 15 February 1564. source
Galileo Galilei was born in Pisa (then part of the Duchy of Florence), Italy, on 15 February 1564.
Galileo Galilei became an accomplished lutenist himself and would have learned early from his father a scepticism for established authority. source
Galileo Galilei became an accomplished lutenist himself and would have learned early from his father a scepticism for established authority.
In 1581, when Galileo Galilei was studying medicine, he noticed a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted about to swing in larger and smaller arcs. source
In 1581, when Galileo Galilei was studying medicine, he noticed a swinging chandelier, which air currents shifted about to swing in larger and smaller arcs.
In 1589, Galileo Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics in Pisa. In 1591, his father died, and he was entrusted with the care of his younger brother Michelagnolo. source
In 1589, Galileo Galilei was appointed to the chair of mathematics in Pisa. In 1591, his father died, and he was entrusted with the care of his younger brother Michelagnolo.
In 1592, Galileo Galilei moved to the University of Padua where he taught geometry, mechanics, and astronomy until 1610. source
In 1592, Galileo Galilei moved to the University of Padua where he taught geometry, mechanics, and astronomy until 1610.
During this period, Galileo Galilei made significant discoveries in both pure fundamental science as well as practical applied science. source
During this period, Galileo Galilei made significant discoveries in both pure fundamental science as well as practical applied science.
Galileo Galilei considered his theory of the tides to provide the required physical proof of the motion of the earth. source
Galileo Galilei considered his theory of the tides to provide the required physical proof of the motion of the earth.
In 1619, Galileo Galilei became embroiled in a controversy with Father Orazio Grassi, professor of mathematics at the Jesuit Collegio Romano. source
In 1619, Galileo Galilei became embroiled in a controversy with Father Orazio Grassi, professor of mathematics at the Jesuit Collegio Romano.
Galileo Galilei defended heliocentrism based on his astronomical observations of 1609. source
Galileo Galilei defended heliocentrism based on his astronomical observations of 1609.
By 1615 Galileo Galilei's writings on heliocentrism had been submitted to the Roman Inquisition by Father Niccolo Lorini, who claimed that Galileo and his followers were attempting to reinterpret the Bible. source
By 1615 Galileo Galilei's writings on heliocentrism had been submitted to the Roman Inquisition by Father Niccolo Lorini, who claimed that Galileo and his followers were attempting to reinterpret the Bible.
Galileo Galilei made original contributions to the science of motion through an innovative combination of experiment and mathematics. source
Galileo Galilei made original contributions to the science of motion through an innovative combination of experiment and mathematics.
Galileo Galilei was one of the first modern thinkers to clearly state that the laws of nature are mathematical. source
Galileo Galilei was one of the first modern thinkers to clearly state that the laws of nature are mathematical.
In The Assayer Galileo Galilei wrote "Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe ... It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures ...” source
In The Assayer Galileo Galilei wrote "Philosophy is written in this grand book, the universe ... It is written in the language of mathematics, and its characters are triangles, circles, and other geometric figures ...”
On 7 January 1610, Galileo Galilei observed with his telescope what he described at the time as "three fixed stars, totally invisible by their smallness", all close to Jupiter, and lying on a straight line through it. source
On 7 January 1610, Galileo Galilei observed with his telescope what he described at the time as "three fixed stars, totally invisible by their smallness", all close to Jupiter, and lying on a straight line through it.
Galileo Galilei discovered the fourth on 13 January. Galileo named the group of four the Medicean stars, in honour of his future patron, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Cosimo's three brothers. source
Galileo Galilei discovered the fourth on 13 January. Galileo named the group of four the Medicean stars, in honour of his future patron, Cosimo II de' Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Cosimo's three brothers.
From September 1610, Galileo Galilei observed that Venus exhibited a full set of phases similar to that of the Moon. source
From September 1610, Galileo Galilei observed that Venus exhibited a full set of phases similar to that of the Moon.
In 1623, Galileo Galilei published The Assayer—Il Saggiatore, which attacked theories based on Aristotle's authority and promoted experimentation and the mathematical formulation of scientific ideas. source
In 1623, Galileo Galilei published The Assayer—Il Saggiatore, which attacked theories based on Aristotle's authority and promoted experimentation and the mathematical formulation of scientific ideas.
Galileo Galilei published a description of sunspots in 1613 entitled Letters on Sunspots suggesting the Sun and heavens are corruptible. source
Galileo Galilei published a description of sunspots in 1613 entitled Letters on Sunspots suggesting the Sun and heavens are corruptible.
Galileo Galilei's 1610 The Starry Messenger (Sidereus Nuncius) was the first scientific treatise to be published based on observations made through a telescope. source
Galileo Galilei's 1610 The Starry Messenger (Sidereus Nuncius) was the first scientific treatise to be published based on observations made through a telescope.
In 1609, Galileo Galilei was, along with Englishman Thomas Harriot and others, among the first to use a refracting telescope as an instrument to observe stars, planets or moons. source
In 1609, Galileo Galilei was, along with Englishman Thomas Harriot and others, among the first to use a refracting telescope as an instrument to observe stars, planets or moons.
In about 1593, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermometer, using the expansion and contraction of air in a bulb to move water in an attached tube. source
In about 1593, Galileo Galilei constructed a thermometer, using the expansion and contraction of air in a bulb to move water in an attached tube.
Galileo Galilei observed the Milky Way, previously believed to be nebulous, and found it to be a multitude of stars packed so densely that they appeared from Earth to be clouds. source
Galileo Galilei observed the Milky Way, previously believed to be nebulous, and found it to be a multitude of stars packed so densely that they appeared from Earth to be clouds.